While dinosaurs roamed the Earth, flying reptiles called pterosaurs ruled the skies above. These included the largest animals to ever take flight, and a new study has uncovered some of the biological ...

The lonely fossil of a 2.5-year-old early human ancestor has revealed for the first time that the spines of ancient hominins were a lot like ours — and a lot not. New research, published today (May 22 ...

Block vertebrae is when two or more vertebrae are fused. It’s present from birth and can cause pain and reduced range of motion. Treatment may include medications, physical therapy, or surgery. Your ...

Though both giraffes and humans have the same number of individual neck bones (known as vertebrae), the two species also have size and structural differences. Just like humans, giraffes are said to ...

Q: What can living animals tell us about the behavior of extinct animals that we otherwise only know from fossils? A: When you look at the fossil record, all you have really is a pile of bones. It's a ...

Common dolphin off the coast of Australia. This species lives in the open ocean, can reach high swimming speeds, has more than 70 vertebrate and up to eight regions in their backbone. If you’ve ever ...

Spine surgery is a broad field encompassing various procedures that help address different spinal conditions. There are various types of spine surgery, including artificial disk replacement and spinal ...

If you've ever seen a dolphin swim, you may have wondered why they undulate their bodies up and down when swimming, instead of side to side as fishes do. Though they have a fishlike body, cetaceans (a ...