Heat treatment originated in the Bronze Age and was developed further for processing iron (blacksmithing) around 800 BC, reaching a first peak with the production of Damascus steel at the start of the ...

XRF sample preparation is a precise method of preparing analytes for elemental analysis. For example, organic samples being analyzed by XRF must be uniformly homogenized through the use of hydraulic ...

Scientific American is part of Springer Nature, which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications (many of them can be found at www ...

Techniques like SPME and QueChERS enhance sustainability by minimizing solvent and consumable use in sample preparation. With ...

The General Methods summarize the scientific standards used by the Institute. In order to reflect the expansion of the Institute's legal tasks and the further development of standards in scientific ...